It should also educate pregnant to avoid exposure to infection of some infectious diseases that lead to fetal deformation, especially during the first months of pregnancy.
And providing health care for expectant mothers since the beginning of pregnancy, and conduct necessary medical tests that could be on its way diagnosis of congenital malformations and to assess their impact on the fetus, and to provide informed advice to the couple based on the scientific evidence is correct.
Sensitivity of fetal malformation
Adds Dr. Mohamed Abdel-Hamid, Professor of Embryology and Chairman, Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, that the sensitivity of the developing fetus of the factors that cause abnormalities during pregnancy, in the critical periods of certain the fetus is more sensitive and susceptible to the factors causing deformity and most are located between the third week and the eighth of pregnancy , a period in which the main members and the different areas of the body had been identified.
And tend member consisting early such as the heart, to be sensitive to the causes of deformity at an early stage compared to those composed after that, such as members of the reproduction of Foreign Affairs, and show some members are complicated in structure, such as the brain and most of the members a sense of long periods of sensitivity to these distortions.
Explains Dr. Ali Mekawy Professor and Chairman, Department of Sociology Faculty of Arts, Cairo University that there is a key social factor leading to fetal deformation, a delayed age of marriage because the pregnancy is in the end stage of fertility in women.
If fertility ranging between the ages of 15 to 39 and the marriage of the girl became 25 to 30 years old, the risk of pregnancy is in the late period of fertility, which displays the fetal deformity, and after birth suffer deformities and diseases, mental retardation, and length of the extraordinary and aggressive tendencies against society, and noted that 40% of cases of malformation born to women over the age of forty.
There are also many of the social impacts of the fetus deformed, such as losing the family especially the mother hope to have a child only, which indicates a negative impact on the psychological state is reflected in Physiology or organic impede pregnancy in the future, along with high economic cost for the treatment of nostalgia distorted after birth with little hope in the full safety psychologically, physically and mentally.
The problem is particularly acute with low status among the poor and their inability to often fend for living, as well as increased government spending to cope with disabilities, in addition to the scarcity of specialists in these areas do, for example, cases of communication in the Egyptian society rate service in to a specialist and one per 350 cases While in developed countries 1: 2.
It is also the social consequences of the birth of deformed children is the inability of the mother to play its role as housewives and wife, a mother can be working well thus exposing the family hence the break-up, as well as increase the burden of mental and physical on the family in the rehabilitation of a disabled child, in a society that not a beautiful sound initialization to accept this category and good dealing with them.
As well as the presence of a disabled child or distorted the family leads to the departure of young people to marry one of the daughters of this family, and fear of the impact of genetic factors and recurrence when the fruit of this marriage, as well as the Egyptian society is keen to sort the girls in the choice of marriage does not have an unwanted birth defect or malformation or a hereditary disease.
Avoid the delay of marriage
Explains Dr. steam irons that to avoid an increase in cases of deformity of the fetus should be awareness campaigns in a row to reduce the late age of marriage, especially for women, because late marriage cause deformity of the fetus at the end of the period of fertility, and if the marriage due to a combination of social, economic, cultural, political and legal.
The responsibility is distributed to government agencies of information, educational, economic, judicial, as well as the private sector, civil society and its institutions, and Egyptian families as a whole, and reduce the danger to society all this while maintaining the environment of all types of pollution, and expansion at the offices of examination wishing to marry men and women and sensitizing them to all the necessity of this examination for the health of children and the safety of the family and society as a whole.
Let this free tests initially attractive to the public and convincing him to bear the costs of the Ministry of Health. And are recorded cases of marriage to relatives, and the late women's health centers in urban areas often and in the countryside to some extent, so that it can guide health care to them, and to harness one of the TV channels and not channel the family and children to raise awareness of the Standing of these risks, through the hosting of competent doctors explain the scientific facts and medical audiences.
As well as the inclusion of some courses and curricula in schools medical information and scientific, especially in the material environment and society, or psychology and sociology or biology, which helps to educate students the dangers of deformity of the fetus, and birth defects and genetic diseases and the role of the environment so as not to fall victim in the future.
Factors during the birth process and about Natal & perinatal.
Factors after birth.
Early childhood and the period of maturity before adolescence.
A - In the relay pregnancy can occur following factors:
Mother diseases Assembly: (such as diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure and exposure to radiation and thyroid disease and syphilis, and drug poisoning harmful to the fetus).
Conditions of maternal care: (such as old age of pregnant mother, and diseases of pregnancy and pregnancy Kedzmm previous projection, reactions and disorders of blood groups blood groups.
Malnutrition, which proved to affect the growth of brain cells and Article spinal visceral and atmospheric, and the effect of malnutrition at its peak in the second half of pregnancy during the rapid growth of the fetus and result in a reduction of intelligence and the emergence of different disabilities.
Viral fever, which is under her mother, as they have proven that the fever Rubella German Measles and Hepatitis Infective Hepatitis, influenza and others with a very bad effect on the fetus during the three months - and even the first five months.
B - In childbirth affect the following reasons:
Child premature (Premature) Premature Infant.
Child Late premature infant Post mature.
Rapid birth or long-Precipitate or Prolonged Labour.
Diseases of the placenta.
C - accidents birth of modern:
Jaundice.
Enlarge the size of the skull.
Lack of oxygen.
New infections.
D - childhood diseases and accidents to the pre-puberty:
Organic severe sensory deprivation (blindness and deafness).
Sensory deprivation Mahtiy (when the family is an inert rigid ..)
Mental disorders and mental health (pampering, the deprivation of the mother, depression, schizophrenia).
Severe injuries to the head (brain Riggae).
Trouble speaking and reading.
Encephalitis and meningitis.
Chemical disorders - vital in the body, and different toxins.
Symptoms of mental retardation:
From the definition of the summary, which we put forward in the first chapter, we find that mental retardation distinguishes the two capacities in two basic: lack of intelligence, and inability to adapt to the social and intellectual. And for each class and type of disease, mental retardation symptoms that distinguish it from the phase that preceded or followed by, but IQ alone does not serve as a measure, because the adjustment factor affects the productivity and behavior of the infected child. A child with an IQ (50) may seem more adaptive and performance of another child intelligence factor 65. The clinical symptoms in general, are:
Boob in a child without force around or can not protect itself from dangers, and speak only a few letters and words, does not care about pain or distinguish from the round about, and can be taught to feed himself.
In the Idiot: The patient is unable to collect his living, but he can protect himself from physical risks: Speak more than insane, and understands some simple commands, and distinguish colors and times can be taught to wear clothes and the sweeping and washing.
Weak-minded: it has a simple adaptability, and be able to collect living in comfortable conditions and equipped and has the capability of the language is simple, and protect himself from the dangers and the preliminary calculations and can be taught simple reading, writing and accepted social customs.
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Premature birth
If a birth weight less than normal
Diseases, mental retardation
Mental retardation phenomenon satisfactory result from different causes and lead to various diseases has been launched on these diseases and symptoms that indicate their names on them. They are divided into two major groups:
2 - secondary-related diseases (or syndrome).
We will mention here some of these diseases:
Mongolian Mongolism
Proliferation: is named the disease as well as (to tuck Down) Down's Syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 600-700 of births.
Types: divided into two types for the order of chromosomes
Drawing of the chromosomes ....
In order to calculate the possibility of injury to children Brothers the same disease, all the Mongolian group differ from the second. But he can he can roughly estimate the probability in the following way: "All the parents are a child born to a Mongolian and have no relatives of the Mongols, the possibility of the birth of a child be another Mongolian by 1-2%, regardless of the age of the mother"
Reasons:
Of the reasons that the recently discovered as a causative in irregular or multiple chromosomes are: hepatitis to the mother, was considered radiation (atomic and X-ray) earn another possible because of the Mongolian.
Signs and symptoms:
Be a small skull and Neisseria, and the rear flat face and eyes and a narrow slot and sloping inward and down (Mughal, such as race) and the parties are short and weak musculature. Mongolian and weak resistance against infections and diseases and is therefore exposed to infection of various skin infections and chest.
Pathological changes:
The brain is simple to install and a little maturity, especially in the frontal lobes and alarmed the brain and the cerebellum. And be more of the Mongolian people with severe mental retardation and few of them up section so simple mental retardation, and generally are characterized by a tendency to music and melody, group, and fun and can be employed in the business simple.
Determination:
The percentage of Mongolians living due to the progress of modern treatments and grow up some and post up to adulthood and youth.
Small brain Microcephaly
Many of them are mentally retarded skulls of small but that the small skull in this disease is a special case and certain small skull circumference determined by the gene backdoor.
Child backdoor .....
Reasons:
Not cause small skull in the small size of the brain or within the early fusion of bones, but that the true reason lies in the immaturity of the brain substance itself.
Tags:
The head is very small and its surroundings than the 7-inch in the role of puberty, and the skull and the high and low and sloping front and rear flat. In addition to severe mental retardation, the child may develop paralysis. The child tends to play and fun and joke and hyperactivity.
Change patients: the brain atrophy with light weight in its overall size, particularly in the frontal and temporal lobes and occipital brain cells and are few and are not integrated.
Inflation cerebral Megalocephaly
Here are enlarged white matter of the brain size takbeer year without frequent and the number of cells infected patient sag, muscle spasms and tremors, blindness, epilepsy and mental retardation. The disease is transmitted as an adjective hidden.
Mental retardation caused by ,,,,bolic disorder
Includes a group of diseases that can be considered an initial disease characterized by abnormal amino acids in the urine, which limit the representation of proteins by the brain and the lack of mental events. It is important diseases:
Disease (Keaton final urea):
The disease originates from the error in the representation and the transfer of amino acid main (final squealing) Phenylalanine to Article (tyrosine) Tyrosine and then accumulates and multiplies acid phenylalanine and turns into a harmful substance is acid (Phenyl Baiarovic) Phenylpyruvic because of the error to the loss of a special enzyme enters in the process of representative. The reason is that gene backdoor and the child is initially normal, but the progress of time is showing signs of illness, a mental retardation and bleaching the skin and yellowing of the hair and bluish eyes (the child blond in the family black), epilepsy, involuntary movements of the extremities, and skin infections.
Are urocrisia which shows a special interaction with ferric chloride solution and examined for the amount of blood (phenylalanine) devices and other chemical spectrum.
And treatment should begin in early, therefore, requires examination of each newborn for the presence of the disease in the first weeks of treatment depends primarily on the infant's milk supply does not contain a special protein phenylalanine diet is expensive and lasts for several years.
Diagnosis of mental retardation:
The presence of some or most of the symptoms listed above, including congenital malformations.
And a history of positive supports the occurrence of injury or disease in the roles of pregnancy, childbirth and beyond.
And a family history of mental deficiency.
To prove the presence of the representative abnormal to some diseases in the blood, urine or other secretions, such as the presence of toxic amino acids in the urine.
Conduct IQ tests known. Each stage of growth and age-appropriate tests show us how clever is imitating.
And the progress of medical science and laboratory tests and radiology has become possible to predict the growth of a fetus inside the uterus and the possibility of birth defects and subsequent mental deficiency, for example, are:
Means taking a sample of the placenta Amniocentesis and examination of chromosomes when the cells were found floating on the many types of diseases, mental retardation Cytogenetics.
Examination of some foreign materials in liquid placenta.
Measure the size of the skull accidentally Ultrasound Ultrasonic.
Treatment of mental retardation:
Treatment of acquired mental retardation in recent decades, enthusiastic and aggressive because of the discovery of some toxic organic materials that can be Mlavadtha or prevention to maintain the integrity of the brain of the baby, and beyond that to detect the presence of Balkromusumaat defect in the fetus.
The remedy is in the following basic steps:
In the case of diseases of known origin can prevent or reduce or prevent the patient from toxic materials Altmthleep (as in the final disease ketone urea or by surgery (as in the edema of the brain).
Given sedative drugs to those infected with psychotic disorder or motor or irritability or aggression, such as Valium and Librium and Allarjactil, and anti-epilepsy who is suffering from epilepsy.
Provide mental health services and social development in private hospitals or clinics or day-care clinics children.
Provide nursing services and educational and social institutes especially for people with mental retardation and in nurseries or private schools, where education is being affected and appropriate information from a preliminary reading, writing, calculating and social habits and behavior of living.
Vocational rehabilitation Occupational Therapy E. trained people with mental retardation simple at various professional business appropriate in centers and boot partitions Workshops, located in hospitals or independently and can be trained these children on the industry cans, carpets, carpentry, sewing and cleaning. Chimes patients and improve their state of mind these simple actions as they earn their share of the fees.Therefore, the ambition of their parents and Tnlm for this business community will not work because the end is something to please and organize the lives of retarded and not to satisfy the arrogance and ignorance of parents.
In the case of the futility of previous treatments must stone patients in private hospitals and shift the burden and misery of their loved ones.
There are no special drugs increase the degree of intelligence has been reported that acid Gelotamek Glutamic Acid is of limited usefulness and may not rise more intelligence from 5-10 degrees after one or two years of treatment tags. The Real Estate (Ainsfabol) Encephabol increases the speed of operations Altmthleep of nerve cells and "wake up. But can not decide on the actual impact on raising intelligence.
For the prevention of mental retardation: including enlightenment can be reached in the psychiatry of statements about the causes of mental retardation. The process of preventing this is one of the most dangerous and the most important efforts of public health services.
And preventive steps can be summarized as follows:
Strengthen the efforts of maternal and child care and the organization of family health.
Prevention of harmful drugs for pregnant mother, which proved or suspected harm to the fetus or of a cancerous effect Teratogenic and contribute to the World Health Organization WHO in the process of global health authorities to inform all new on the subject ..
Attempting to detect people by helping them to care centers for children's psychological.
Try to detect and diagnose mental retardation since early phase of pregnancy and childbirth methods previously mentioned. The early diagnosis, allowing for rapid treatment.
Raise the level of economic and social lead indirectly to raise the health level of the mother and her children.
The early intervention limits the growth and behavior problems in children
The problems of growth and disability in children, particularly mental disabilities are chronic problems to last a lifetime and have a financial cost and significant social, that information about the prevalence and factors associated with it can guide us to the priorities and principles to be followed when planning to meet them, to our knowledge, such study has not been by not only in the UAE and the Middle East.
Choose a random sample representative of the population consisting of 694 Emirati children, aged 3 years, was the work calendar for the situation of these children in two phases, in order to confirm the prevalence of this problem in the community. In the first phase was used to measure the scale of Denver was delayed growth and development.
The prevalence of stunted growth is the development of 4,8% (CI: 6.4 - 10,7%) and using the questionnaire on the discovery of autism was the proportion of people suffering symptoms of autism, 58 of every 10 thousand children, 85,0% (CI: 0, 16 - 1.5%). In the second phase was the use of clinical diagnostic method, has been shown that the proportion of the delay in growth and development were (CI: 1.28 - 2.4% - 3.56) while the proportion of people suffering from symptoms of autism, 29 per 10 thousand 97,0% (CI: 0.0 - 0.79 %).
It was found that there is a relationship between growth and delayed development and problems that occurred during pregnancy in a child, twice the level Learning for parents, the weakening of the economic level of the family, there is a problem between the other members of the family (family medical history), and social problems. According to the questionnaire Achenbach Child Behaviour Checklist for children who are aged 3-2 years old, found that 10.5% of children suffer from behavioral problems and also found a relationship between behavioral problems and growth retardation.
Using a questionnaire Westerlund And Sundelin to measure the problems of language and delayed speech in children found to be (% 9.9) of the children have delays in language learning among those (% 6.5) 45 was to have a general problem in the speech (in the expression and understanding). Using logistic analysis found that there are two important elements in relation to the problems of language development of children, a mother's nationality and previous monthly income of the family.
The cases of children who suffer from delays in growth or delay in speech detected in this study were not diagnosed before, which means the absence of early intervention to treat these problems. This study is the first surveys the problems of growth and development in children, which may eventually lead to the development of treatment services appropriate to such problems, the study indicates the need to develop a comprehensive system to detect and address the problems of growth and development in children.
Clinical applications
The results of this study indicate the importance of planning and development programs for medical care for children in the UAE and offer a start by introducing a system of early identification of problems of growth and development in children, as well as providing treatment and early intervention to resolve such problems, the system of detection and early treatment to the problems of growth and development in children can alleviate the impact of these disabilities and limits of psychological and behavioral impact on the child and the family and society.
We believe that in the UAE, especially in developing countries in general a large deficit in specialists in the provision of mental health care for children. The information about the problems associated with such diseases can provide specialists are clear about the possibility of the existence of the disease during routine detection of these children.
The possibility of achieving this could be the work of training courses for primary care physicians, nurses, social workers, teachers and other specialists associated with the care of children at the age of the pre-entry to school. This could be accomplished efficiently during the holidays or during the periodic inspection, which is on children.Such information can give clear answers to the size of the spread of this problem and the expected proportion of cases transferred to the consultants, which is useful in estimating the cost of treatment for such cases
Many of the problems of children need for early intervention to treat
Before they worsen and become chronic diseases cause the child's disability
And cost his family a lot of strenuous efforts in the search for a cure
Not to mention the cost of physical .... beautiful publication of such studies
For the benefit of researchers and interested Bcwn childhood centers
Research, doctors,,,, according to God everyone to serve children, wherever they are
